Depression

Most people experience depression at various points during our lives. The death of a family member evokes one of the most common depressions. Another common depression is associated with changing seasons. During times when we cannot find our direction in life, sometimes due to circumstances outside of our control, or when we no longer get any sense of achievement from our lives, we will generally experience depression. However, for some, the periods of depression are long lasting and appear to be without reason.

There is a risk of developing depression where there is a family history, indicating that a biological vulnerability can be inherited. However, not everyone with a genetic vulnerability develops the illness. Additional factors, such as a stressful environment or other psychosocial factors are generally involved in the onset of depression.

Psychological makeup also plays a role in vulnerability to depression. People who have low self-esteem, who consistently view themselves and the world with pessimism, or who are readily overwhelmed by stress are prone to depression. A serious loss, chronic illness, difficult relationship, financial problem, or any unwelcome change in life patterns may also trigger a depressive episode.

Some of the symptoms associated with depression are:

  • Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain

  • Decreased energy, fatigue, lack of motivation

  • Difficulty concentrating, remembering, making decisions

  • Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness

  • Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism

  • Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed

  • Insomnia, early-morning awakening, or oversleeping

  • Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood

  • Persistent physical symptoms that do not respond to treatment, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and chronic pain

  • Restlessness, irritability

  • Thoughts of death or suicide, suicide attempt

Cognitive behavioural therapy is very beneficial for sufferers of depression. It trains clients to express emotions, to confront situations from which they would normally shy, to get a sense of achievement from their lives and to meet their own expectations. Clients also learn to set and achieve attainable goals. Many people who have suffered from depression are prone to recurrence but cognitive behavioural therapy trains sufferers to recognise the symptoms and to respond, using the skills and tools that they have been taught.